Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) is promoted as a sustainable diesel alternative capable of reducing carbon dioxide emissions by over 80%. However, critics argue its drawbacks may surpass its benefits.
Manufacturers state this synthetic fuel is eco-friendly and primarily made from waste, avoiding competition with food supplies. Marketed as a premium product, HVO is created by treating fats and oils with hydrogen at high temperatures.
Global HVO production has surged since 2007, nearly tripling between 2014 and 2023. Current major producers include the US, EU, and China. When sourced sustainably, its carbon footprint is significantly better than fossil fuels.
Yet, environmental groups are skeptical, labeling HVO a "phoney product." They contend raw materials often include sought-after resources like palm oil, not just waste, making it a limited niche solution. Critics also allege it greenwashes combustion engines to delay their phase-out.
Another hurdle is cost, with HVO priced 10-20 cents per liter higher than conventional diesel due to production expenses, despite being exempt from CO2 taxes.
Proponents like Volvo note thousands of trucks already use HVO, achieving CO2 reductions of 25% to 90% depending on feedstock. The EU will phase out palm oil-based HVO by 2030.
HVO is generally suitable for modern diesel engines, but requires manufacturer approval. It can be mixed with fossil diesel. Despite availability at hundreds of German stations, surveys show many drivers remain unaware of it.
In conclusion, while not a perfect solution, HVO could contribute to decarbonizing road transport.